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In Java, a defensive copy is a programming technique used to protect the internal state of an object from being unintentionally modified by external code. This is particularly important when deali...

FileReader in a BufferedReader e.g., ​ new BufferedReader(new FileReader(...)) The primary purpose of wrapping a  FileReader in a BufferedReader is to significantly improve I...

Thread-safe synchronized In Java, "thread-safe synchronized" refers to the practice of designing and implementing code in a way that allows multiple threads to access shared resources concur...

Java Scanner Handbook 1. Quick Summary Scanner is a simple text scanner that can parse primitive types and strings using regular expressions. It breaks its input into tokens using a delimiter ...

​ Java BufferedReader Handbook ​ 1. Quick Summary BufferedReader reads text from a character-input stream, buffering characters so as to provide for the efficient reading of characters, arr...